Author Archives: alwin

Abnormal mammogram

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One of the scariest things a woman can hear is that her mammogram shows a suspicious mass in her breast. That news can shake a woman’s sense of well-being even after further testing fails to find breast cancer.

It’s important to remember that a mammogram is a screening test. A screening test is done to look for disease in someone who doesn’t have any symptoms.

At their best, screening mammograms can find breast cancer early. But an abnormal result by itself does not mean cancer. It just means that follow-up testing is needed. In many cases, the abnormal mammogram turns out to be a false alarm. Continue reading →

Abnormal heart rate

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Palpitations are heartbeat sensations that feel like your heart is pounding or racing. You may simply have an unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeat, or may feel skipped or stopped beats. The heart’s rhythm may be normal or abnormal. Palpitations can be felt in your chest, throat, or neck. Continue reading →

Abnormal child behaviour Part 2

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2. Referral: Children are rarely self-referred: their parents or other adults decide the child needs help and seeks it out. The first task of a clinician working with children is to determine whether or not a problem actually exists. Intolerance, ignorance, and misconceptions on the part of the adult may be the reason for the referral. Indeed, parents’ referral of their child may be more a factor of their own emotional state. Other problems in referral are that certain behaviors may be overlooked.  Parents, teachers, and other adults who refer a child for help, may underidentify children with certain disturbances because those disturbances are less salient or troublesome to them.  For example: the child who withdraws from social contact will not be as salient as the child who disrupts class, and so may not be identified as needing help. Continue reading →

Abnormal child behaviour Part 1

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Abnormal behavior in children is considered as any type of behavior that interferes with daily functioning. Abnormal behavior can be symptoms of anxiety, depression, eating disorders, extreme defiance, rage or physical aggression to self or others. Behavior is a tool of communication that children use when they don’t have the words to express themselves to others. It is important to pay attention to sudden changes in behavior that are outside the normal developmental milestones based on the age of the child. Continue reading →

Abnormal enlargement of the heart Part 2

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What are the symptoms of cardiac enlargement?

Some people can have varying degrees of cardiac enlargement and have no symptoms. Once dilation or hypertrophy begins to place undue demands on heart function, however, symptoms do result. These can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pressure or pain
  • Palpitations (a sense that the heart is beating rapidly or forcefully or “skipping beats”)
  • Swelling of the feet, ankles, or legs
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Loss of consciousness Continue reading →

Abnormal enlargement of the heart Part 1

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Cardiac enlargemrs to an increase in the size of the heart. There are two types of cardiac enlargement: hypertrophy and dilation. (Though usually occurring separately, they may occur at the same time.) Hypertrophy involves an increase in the thickness of the heart muscle. Dilation involves an increase in the size of the inside cavity of a chamber of the heart. Hypertrophy usually occurs in only one chamber while dilation may occur in one, two, three, or all of the chambers, based on its cause. In most cases, cardiac enlargement is abnormal and accompanied by additional cardiovascular problems. The one exception is regular aerobic exercise, which produces a beneficial enlargement involving both hypertrophy and dilation of the heart. Continue reading →

Abnormal blood counts

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A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following:

  • The number of red blood cells (RBCs)
  • The number of white blood cells (WBCs)
  • The total amount of hemoglobin in the blood
  • The fraction of the blood composed of red blood cells (hematocrit) Continue reading →

Abdominal bloating after eating

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Each year in the United States, seventeen million people complain of frequent gas; while twenty-seven million people struggle with excessive bloating. Discomfort from bloating and gas can often be prevented or treated, and our goal is to educate you so you can help yourself. Continue reading →

ABA for autism Part 2

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Parents are often trained in ABA therapy, and several single-subject studies have shown that parental training helps children with autism who receive ABA therapy. Larger controlled studies looking at this issue are underway. Studies of parental satisfaction with ABA indicate that parents believe the approach is effective. Parents also report that they experience less stress as a result of applying ABA. Continue reading →

ABA for autism Part 1

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The Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) approach teaches social, motor, and verbal behaviors as well as reasoning skills. ABA treatment is especially useful in teaching behaviors to children with autism who may otherwise not “pick up” these behaviors on their own as other children would. The ABA approach can be used by a parent, counselor, or certified behavior analyst. Continue reading →